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Nįttśrufręšingurinn, Williams og frumulķffęriš

Nżr nįttśrufręšingur kom ķ gegnum lśguna ķ vikunni. Ég byrjaši strax aš lesa grein Menju von Schmalensee um įgengar tegundir, sem er seinni greinin af tveimur um žetta efni.

Ég las lķka įgęta minningargrein Snębjarnar Pįlssonar um žróunarfręšinginn George C. Williams sem lést nś ķ haust. Hann var sannkallašur Ķslandsvinur, dvaldi hérlendis um og eftir mišja sķšustu öld og sinnti ašallega rannsóknum į vistfręši hafsins. Hann skrifaši hugleišingar sķnar į ķslensku, sem er vķst fįtķtt erlendis af einhverjum įstęšum og įlitiš sérvitringslegt. Framlag hans til žróunarfręšinnar fólst ašallega ķ žvķ aš hann śtskżrši hvernig nįttśrulegt val mun virka sterkast į einstaklinga og arfgeršir žeirra, og setti žannig hugmyndir um hópaval ķ rétt samhengi. Śr vištali Franks Roe viš Williams įriš 1998:

"I am convinced that it is the light and the way." These are the final words in Adaptation and Natural Selection, George C. Williams's 1966 book about evolution. In the decades since the publication of this book, which became one of the most influential in its field, nothing has altered Williams's conviction that evolutionary theory is not just of it intellectual interest but has much practical significance for human life.

A marine biologist by training, Williams took two sabbaticals to conduct fish research in Iceland, but he is most widely known as a theoretician. As early as 1957, he wrote a paper on senescence considered by some to be a cornerstone of modern evolutionary theory. Williams has also written passionately about the "moral unacceptability of natural selection" and the necessity Of using our intelligence to triumph over it. For a paper on evolutionary ethics, Williams came up with one of the most eye-catching titles in scientific literature: "Mother Nature Is a Wicked Old Witch."

Ķ blašinu er einnig auglżsing frį the-organelle sem er sprotafyrirtęki Bjarna Helgasonar listamanns (sem gerši kįpuna af Arfleifš Darwins). Hann hannaši og framleišir nś boli meš myndum af stórum og smįum lķfverum.extinction_1048450.jpgvirus_1048449.jpg


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Athugasemdir

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Žetta er įkaflega skringileg fęrsla hjį žér; Arnar.

Žessi fyrsta vķsun ķ Williams, "I am convinced that it is the light and the way.", er nįttśrulega ekkert annaš en trśarleg.

Žetta skil ég hreint ekki:

"nothing has altered Williams's conviction that evolutionary theory is not just of it intellectual interest but has much practical significance for human life."

En gangi vel aš selja bolina...

Žessi moli er einnig furšulegur: 

"Williams has also written passionately about the "moral unacceptability of natural selection" and the necessity Of using our intelligence to triumph over it."

Aš sigrast į nįttśrulegu vali!? Er žaš ekki mótsögn?

Jóhann (IP-tala skrįš) 16.12.2010 kl. 22:28

2 Smįmynd: Arnar Pįlsson

Sęll Jóhann

Žaš er nś stundum aš vķsinda og fręšimenn leyfa sér, ķ algerum munaši, skįldlegt mįl og flśr. Žaš sem Williams įtti viš ķ bók frį įrinu 1966 var aš heppilegt vęri aš nota žróunarfręši sem leišarljós ķ rannsóknum į eiginleikum, atferli og samskiptum lķfvera.

Žaš er misskilningur aš įlykta aš staša hans (eša žróunarfręšinnar) sé trśarleg. Ekki frekar en hver einasti knattspyrnumašur sem hrópar andskotinn žegar skot geigar er įlitin satanisti.

Hvort skilur žś ekki, setninguna eša aš žróunarkenningin sé hagnżt fyrir mannfólk?

Varšandi sķšasta punktinn, žį veit ég ekki alveg hvaš hann er aš fara. Žaš gęti veriš aš hann sé aš ręša nįttśrulegt val er blint ferli, sem velur bestu skammtķmalausnina frekar en bestu lausnina. Williams sagši aš nįttśrulegt val vęri af "hinu illa", sem er aftur flśraš oršfar en ekki sleggjudómur. Ég er ekki viss um hvaš hann į viš meš aš sigrast į nįttśrulegu vali, en grunar aš hann sé aš fjalla um hegšun mannfólks og samfélagslega įbyrgš. Viš ęttum aš nota greind okkar til žess aš draga śr įhrifum lögmįla nįttśrunnar į lķf fólks, ž.e.a.s. koma ķ veg fyrir aš samskipti okkar einskoršist af nįttśrulegu vali į milli einstaklinga eša hópa. Sbr. umręšu seinna ķ greininni:

[Roes] In your latest book, you describe the biological creation process as being both "evil" and "abysmally stupid." What do you mean when you say this?

[Williams] Natural selection maximizes shortsighted selfishness, no matter how much pain or loss it produces. There are far more losers than winners, and great losses often arise from trivial gains. The killing of monkey infants for minor male reproductive gain is the example that most persuasively led me to use words like evil.

As to its stupidity, natural selection produces what seem to be ingenious devices, like eyes and hands and the human capacity for language, but a close examination shows these devices to be just the sorts of things that can arise from trial and error, with no modifications that would arise from any real understanding of the problems to be solved. As a result, all organisms are burdened with maladaptive historical legacies, such as the many problems that arise from the close association' of the human reproductive and excretory systems.

Ég vona lķka aš Bjarna gangi vel meš bolina.

Arnar Pįlsson, 17.12.2010 kl. 10:25

3 Smįmynd: Arnar

"Williams has also written passionately about the "moral unacceptability of natural selection" and the necessity Of using our intelligence to triumph over it."

Er hann ekki aš meina aš viš, mannkyn (eša svona flest okkar), finnst žaš sišferšislega rangt og ómanneskjulegt aš lįta nįttśrulegt val hafa sinn gang, td. eigum viš aš lįta langveik börn deyja eša ekki?  Į aš lękna mikiš slasaš fólk, į aš hjśkra öldrušum og jafnvel framlengja lķf žeirra eftir aš lķkaminn byrjar aš gefa sig?

Nśtķma lęknisfręši er lķtiš annaš en stórkostlegt inngrip ķ nįttśrulegt val.

Arnar, 17.12.2010 kl. 14:06

4 Smįmynd: Arnar Pįlsson

Góš įbending Arnar dreki

Žetta er lķklega rétt hjį žér, Williams hefur skrifaš mikiš um Darwķnsk lęknavķsindi. Hann leggur žar įherslu į aš viš notum žróunarfręšina til aš skilja orsakir sjśkdóma, eiginleika lķffęra og sżkla.

Annars kemur punkturinn žinn į skemmtilega hugmynd, um samhjįlp hópsins og hópaval. Atferli lķfvera er lķka hluti af svipgerš žeirra og žar meš getur žaš mótast af nįttśrulegu vali. Žaš aš sjį um ungviši er atferli, aš sinna sjśkum ęttingjum er atferli og e.t.v. mį segja aš nśtķma lęknisfręši sé lķka atferli. En žį vęri vališ ekki lengur į einstaklingi eša fjölskyldu, heldur į stęrri hóp...ž.e.a.s. hópaval (group selection) gęti įtt sér staš. Sį hópur sem er meš bestu lęknisfręšina gęti veriš hęfastur.

Žar af leišir aš mįliš er oršiš dįlķtiš flókiš ;)

Arnar Pįlsson, 20.12.2010 kl. 11:18

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